What a beautiful girl she is!
How + 形容词+主语+谓语
How beautiful the girl is!
十二.
let+其他人称代词
祈使句的否定,加don’t
反意疑问
祈使句(第二人称)
祈使句表示请求,命令,建议,邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调。
★肯定句 动词原型
例, Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.
祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾
Come in, Amy.
Sit down here, Tom.
Mary, give me a book please.
★否定:Don't+动词原型
Don't come here.
Don’t sit down.
Don’t stand up.
Don’t give me it.
let sb. do
Let me pass.
Let us have a rest.
Let’s have a rest.
(反意疑问):
Let’s have a walk along the river, shall we?
Let us go out for a drink, will you?
十三.倒装句:so/neither的倒装eg.
He can swim. So can I.
I didn’t go to class. Neither did I.
结构:
so/neither+be+
so/neither+助动词+
so/neither+情态动词+
一般现在时, do, does/am, is, are
现在进行时, am, is, are
一般过去时, did
现在完成时, have, has
一般将来时, will, shall,
过去进行时,was, were
过去完成时,had
过去将来时, would
十四.直接引语/间接引语
如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词
时态变化:
一般现在时——一般过去时
现在进行时——过去进行时
一般过去时——过去完成时
现在完成时——过去完成时
一般将来时——过去将来时
be going to——was/were going to/would
can----------------could
may---------------might
时间地点及指示词的变化:
here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that…
人称变化:根据句意改变人称。
十五.直接宾语/间接宾语
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。
He gives me a book.
me间接宾语, a book直接宾语
直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for
主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语
Give me a book.
Give the book to me.
Send his a letter.
Send a letter to him.
Show him the new dress.
Show the new dress to him.
十六.从句:
宾语从句,定语从句(限定性),表语从句,状语从句(if引导的真实条件句)
宾语从句:如果宾语从句的主句中的动词为过去时,那么宾语从句中的时态要和主句统一;如果宾语从句为疑问词引导,那么语序要用陈述语序,即主语在前,动词在后。
定语从句:
表语从句:
状语从句(if引导的真实条件句):主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时
What will you do if you win a lot of money?
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
十七. 动词不定式做宾语及宾语补语的用法(详细用法请见NECII)
结构: to do,
用法:可以做除谓语以外的所有成分,语法上称之为非谓语动词。
做宾语:在一些动词后常用不定式做宾语,例如:want, like, ask ,try…
做宾补:want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do…
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动词过去式 过去式的读音 形容词的比较级 形容词和副词的最高级 |
代词及be动词
名词复数
动词的第三人称单数形式
动词现在分词
|
代词及be动词 |
第一人称 |
第二人称 |
第三人称 |
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|
单数 |
复数 |
单数 |
复数 |
单数 |
复数 |
|
|
主格 |
I |
we |
you |
you |
she/he/it |
they |
|
宾格 |
me |
us |
you |
you |
her/him/it |
them |
|
代词所有格 |
my |
our |
your |
your |
her/his/its |
their |
|
名词性代词 |
mine |
ours |
yours |
yours |
hers/his/its |
theirs |
|
be动词现在时 |
Am |
are |
are |
are |
is |
are |
|
be动词过去时 |
was |
were |
were |
were |
was |
were |
名词的复数
|
规则变化的名词复数形式 |
|
|
规则1 |
一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells |
|
规则2 |
以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes |
|
规则3 |
以o结尾s或+es e.g. radio→radios |
|
规则4 |
以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives |
|
规则5 |
以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies |
动词的第三人称单数形式
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规则1 |
一般情况+s e.g. like—likes, look--looks |
|
规则2 |
以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. do—does, catch--catches |
|
规则5 |
以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry—carries, fly--flies |
动词现在分词
|
规则一 |
一般动词加-ing e.g. look—looking, |
|
规则二 |
以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make—making, take—taking, arrive—arriving |
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规则三 |
重读闭音节词结尾,即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run—running, sit—sitting, get—getting, swim—swimming, stop--stopping |
动词过去式
|
规则动词变化 |
|
|
规则一 |
一般动词加-ed e.g. look—looked, watch—watched, play--played |
|
规则二 |
以e结尾的加-d e.g. make—maked, arrive--arrived |
|
规则三 |
以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-ed cry—cried, carry-carried |
|
规则四 |
重读闭音节词结尾,即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ed stop—stopped, |
过去式的读音
|
在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ |
e.g. walked, jumped |
|
在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ |
e.g. washed, watched |
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在/t/,/d/后读/id/ |
e.g. waited, hated |
形容词和副词的比较级
|
比较级 |
规则一 |
一般加-er e.g. high—higher |
|
规则二 |
以结尾加-r nice—nicer |
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|
规则三 |
以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er busy—busier, |
|
|
规则四 |
重读闭音节结尾,双写辅音字母再加-er fat—fatter, |
形容词和副词的最高级
|
最高级 |
规则一 |
一般加-est e.g. high—highest |
|
规则二 |
以结尾加-st nice—nicet |
|
|
规则三 |
以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-est busy—busiest |
|
|
规则四 |
重读闭音节结尾,双写辅音字母再加--est fat—fattest |
常见缩写:
is=’s
is not=isn’t/ iznt/
can not=can’t
have=’ve
has=’s
have not=haven’t
has not=hasn’t
will=’ll
do not=don’t
does not=doesn’t
